Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal tangles of arteries and veins in the brain or spinal cord, disrupting normal blood circulation. These fragile vessels bypass capillaries, forcing high-pressure arterial blood directly into veins, increasing the risk of rupture. Many AVMs remain asymptomatic, but some present with headaches, seizures, or neurological issues. A rupture may cause brain hemorrhage, stroke, or permanent disability. Diagnosis requires imaging like MRI, CT, or angiography. Treatment options include microsurgery, embolization, or radiosurgery depending on AVM size and location. Early detection and timely management are crucial to reduce complications, preserve brain function, and improve long-term patient outcomes.
Risk factors include genetic conditions, family history, or congenital defects, making individuals more prone to developing abnormal vascular malformations.
Early intervention reduces risk of rupture and bleeding, protecting the brain from severe damage or disability.
Timely treatment enhances chances of successful surgery, minimizing complications and supporting better neurological recovery.
Early care helps maintain essential brain functions like memory, speech, and mobility, improving overall quality of life.
Persistent or severe headaches may occur due to abnormal blood flow and pressure changes in brain vessels.
Sudden seizure episodes may develop as electrical brain activity becomes disrupted by abnormal vascular structures pressing on tissue.
Weakness, vision problems, or difficulty speaking can appear if AVMs impair oxygen delivery to critical brain regions.
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